These findings are shared for research purposes and
indications for decision makers to help them broaden perspectives
and expand understanding until they materialize in a reviewed paper.
HVAC (Hot Cold Air conditioning)
Most
modern
AC units are in fact HVAC.
J
Lu, J Gu describe how transmission was proliferated by an A/C unit
in a Guangzou restaurant through droplets or aerosols
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/7/20-0764_article
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.16.20067728v1.full.pdf+html
As
per L Dietz P F Horve explain « .
However, for most buildings, the easiest way to deliver outside air
directly across the building envelope is to open a window. Window
ventilation not only bypasses ductwork but increases outside air
fraction and increases total air change rate as well (79).
Administrators and building operators should discuss a plan for
increasing perimeter, and specifically window, ventilation when
outdoor temperatures are adequate for this practice. »
Beyond
that
restaurant, the immense majority of clusters were closed spaces,
poorly ventilated or ventilated, cooled, heated through an AC
mechanism
Health
Care
facilities or Hospitals → Always HVAC
Slaughter
houses
→ Always HVAC
Schools
→
Sometimes HVAC
Hotels
→ Mostly HVAC
Social
facilities
→ Often HVAC
Discotheques
→
Often HVAC
Subway/Metro
→
Rarely HVAC but artificial ventilation
Buses
→ Often HVAC
Companies
→
Mostly HVAC
Worship
places
→ Rarely HVAC
Family
reunions
→ Sometimes HVAC
Gyms-→
Mostly
HVAC
Call
Centers-→
Mostly HVAC
Our
analysis
of available AC Demand shows a strong correlations between
Commercial demand as per JRAIA 2018 data and death until June 25th
as per worldometer at significance level of .1 using 15 European
countries whom are towards the end of their epidemic wave and for
whom data was available.
Absolute
death
count as of June 25 from Worldometers are associated with:
Commercial
AC
demand 2018 – strong correlation at 0.86
Total
AC demand 2018 – moderate to strong correlation at 0.71
Commercial
AC
per capita – moderate correlation 0.58
Death
per
capita is associated with:
Commercial
AC
demand 2018 – moderate to strong correlation at 0.77
Commercial
AC
per capita – moderate correlation 0.64
Total
AC demand 2018 – moderate correlation at 0.61
Significant
at
.1 level based on 15 European countries whom are at the end of their
epidemic wave.
T
SMIEZEK G LAZZARI M SALATHE
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6379436/
« Our results suggest
that improvements of ventilation in high density public spaces could
be an important and relatively easy-to-implement strategy
supplementing vaccination » ...« correspond
to a vaccination coverage of 60–70% for an efficacy of 40%, 50–60%
for 60% efficacy, and 40–50% for 80% efficacy. In the aerosol model,
consistently improved ventilation beats vaccination even with full
coverage if efficacies are low. » can be done fast
and it works for aerosol, droplets known and yet unknown
viruses
All
five hardest hit cities had a high concentration of modern office
buildings and hotels with shared and/or a culture for centralized AC
for heating or cooling in office buildings, malls, homes (London,
New York, Madrid, Brussels, Milan)